A History of the Civil ownership Act of 1964

Jim Crow Laws History - A History of the Civil ownership Act of 1964

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The Civil possession Act of 1964 began President John F Kennedy's exertion to revive the similar Civil possession Act of 1875. This former act was signed by President Ulysses Grant and attempted to ensure equal treatment in social spaces for all Americans, regardless of race or prior status of servitude, in accordance with the Fourteenth Amendment. This act was largely ignored in the South, especially after Northern federal troops left. The supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional in 1883, arguing that the Fourteenth Amendment only applies to government agencies, not private citizens.

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Jim Crow Laws History

President Kennedy first announced his plans for a new Civil possession Act in a speech he made on June 11, 1963. He proposed federal legislation that would ensure equal treatment in all social access areas, not just publicly owned areas. "Public access" refers to a construction that is meant to be used by the normal public, such as a school, store or movie theater, regardless of either it is privately owned. Kennedy also wanted the federal government to fight the South's Jim Crow Laws, which made it effectively impossible for black citizen to vote, even though they had the legal right.

To get around the earlier supreme Court ruling that the government could not force equality on private firm owners, Kennedy's act was proposed under the manufactures Clause. This refers to description I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the Us Constitution, which grants Congress the right to regulate foreign, interstate and (American Indian) tribal commerce. There has been much consider over the years about the founding fathers' intent when writing this clause. Some scholars state that the word "commerce" refers strictly to economic trades, while others view social mores and trends as a kind of commerce.

This sort of inquire became a subject of intense consider while the act was being debated in the House and Senate. Some congresspersons, especially social conservatives, were vehemently opposed to granting power to the federal government over state governments and private companies. Some civil possession advocates criticized the act for now going far enough, pointing out that it did not contain laws government police brutality or hiring discrimination in private companies.

Tragically, President Kennedy was assassinated while his proposed legislation was still being discussed in the House of Representatives. Lyndon B Johnson took over as president and began aggressively promoting the act. It was ultimately passed on July 2, 1964, about a year after President Kennedy first proposed the idea. It has been extensive over the years to better protect citizens from racism, sexism and other forms of prejudice in school, employment and social areas.

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